Definition
Newton's static theory assumes a water-covered globe where the sea surface instantaneously adopts the shape of an equipotential under combined gravitational and rotational forcing. It predicts two bulges and hence a semi-diurnal rise of only about 0.5 m, far less than observed ranges. It cannot explain amphidromic systems, resonance or the phase lag of real basins, but it remains the basis for defining the harmonic constituents used in modern prediction.
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