Definition
Charts and pilots record the bottom quality using abbreviations such as M for mud, S for sand, Cy for clay, R for rock and Wd for weed. Firm sand and stiff mud give good holding for most modern anchors; soft ooze, shingle, kelp and smooth rock give poor holding. Where holding is doubtful, use more scope, a heavier anchor, or an anchor type suited to the specific bottom.
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