Definition
Every vessel must at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions, so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision. This explicitly includes radar and, in practice, AIS where fitted. Singlehanded and shorthanded sailing does not exempt a vessel; failure to keep a look-out is the most frequently cited breach in collision cases.
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